Revelation — Footnotes

🔗Chapter 1

1:4 — Him Who Is and Who Was and Who Is To Come. This appears to be a title for God which has essentially the same meaning as the Hebrew for 'Who Always Is' in Exo 3:14. See footnote at Exo 3:14. See also Rev 1:8 and 4:8.

🔗Chapter 3

3:14 — the Truth. Greek is literally 'the Amen'; cf. the 'God of truth [amen]' in Isa 65:16. See G. K. Beale, The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text (NIGTC; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), commentary on Rev 3:14.

3:14 — ruler over God's creation. Greek ἀρχή is taken here in its governmental sense, not as 'beginning'; cf. Rev 1:5; 3:21. See Michael J. Svigel, "Christ as Ἀρχή in Revelation 3:14," Bibliotheca Sacra 161 (2004): 215–31.

🔗Chapter 5

5:1 — on the back. CT reads: 'on the outside.'

5:9 — purchased to God. CT reads: purchased us to God (Level C). The Semitic partitive construction (cf. Ex 15:16, Ps 74:2) identifies the purchased without a separate pronoun.

🔗Chapter 6

6:6 — measure. Greek choinix, a dry grain measure of about a quart or liter, roughly one person's daily ration.

6:6 — denarius. A Roman coin worth about one day's wages. It contained about 1/8 of a troy ounce of silver.

🔗Chapter 9

9:16 — 200 million. Literally, 'two ten thousands of ten thousand'.

🔗Chapter 11

11:1 — the barrier within it. CT reads: 'those who worship in it.' See Appendix.

🔗Chapter 13

13:1 — a name. Follows CT (Level C). Some manuscripts read names.

13:10 — if any man [is] to be killed with the sword, with the sword he will be killed. CT reads: 'if anyone kills with the sword, with the sword must he be killed.' The original reflects a Semitic destiny formula (cf. Jer 15:2).

🔗Chapter 14

14:20 — Literally, '1,600 stadia'. A stadion was about 600 feet. More precisely, 606.75 feet in English distances, 600 in Greek, or 625 Roman.

🔗Chapter 18

18:3 — have drank. CT reads: have fallen (Level D).

18:13 — slaves—even souls of men. Literally, bodies; and/even/also souls of men. souls of men is believed to explain what is meant by bodies. Compare LXX at Genesis 34:29. See also Word Pictures by Robertson, Rev 18:13; and Bible Studies by Deissmann, page 160.

🔗Chapter 19

19:1 — Hallelujah is Hebrew for 'Praise⁺ Yah'; the word also occurs in the Old Testament (see Psalm 106:1).

19:13 — The title is literally 'the Word of God.' UPDV renders this title 'The Speech of God'; see The Speech of God: John 1:1 and the Aramaic Memra.

🔗Chapter 20

20:5 — The rest of the dead did not live until the thousand years should be finished. Absent from some manuscripts. CT omits (Level C).

20:9 — fire came down out of heaven. CT reads: fire came down from God out of heaven (Level C).

🔗Chapter 21

21:6 — They have come to pass. CT reads: 'I have become' (Level C).

21:16 — Literally, '12,000 stadia'. A stadion was about 600 feet. More precisely, 606.75 feet in English distances, 600 in Greek, or 625 Roman.

🔗Chapter 22

22:12 — as his work is. CT reads: as his work will be (Level B).

22:15 — sissies, literally, 'dogs.' See also Deuteronomy 23:18 and Sissy: What Deuteronomy 23:18 Actually Says.

22:21 — with all. CT reads: with all the saints. Amen (Level C).